The subjective experience of administrative burdens: Does it affect us emotionally to spend time accessing services?

La experiencia subjetiva de cargas administrativas:¿Nos afecta emocionalmente gastar tiempo para acceder a servicios?

A experiência subjetiva dos encargos administrativos: O tempo gasto acessando serviços nos afeta emocionalmente?

DOI: https://doi.org/10.69733/clad.ryd.n94.a435
Published
2026-03-01

María José Álvarez Romero
Ana Ireri Aranda Torres
Brenda Itzel Pablo Hernández
Sandra Elvira Reyes Hernández
Rik Peeters
César Rentería Marín
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-5723

Abstract (en)

The study of administrative burdens has identified the costs that citizens may experience in their efforts to gain real access to public services and social benefits. However, less is known about how the experience of administrative burdens affects people emotionally. We present the analysis of original data from a Mexican survey on whether 1) the time spent on administrative tasks or 2) the situation of vulnerability of people explains the variation in positive or negative emotions about doing administrative tasks. Only a statistically significant relationship is found for certain vulnerability indicators. It is proposed as a possible explanation that negative bureaucratic experiences in the Mexican context confirm previous low expectations towards bureaucracies and, therefore, no longer have an impact on the emotional satisfaction of citizens. The findings suggest an attitude learned from repeated dissatisfactions of citizens in their interactions with the State.

Keywords (EN): administrative burdens, satisfaction, bureaucratic encounters, Public Services, Mexico

Abstract (es)

El estudio de cargas administrativas ha identificado los costos que los ciudadanos pueden experimentar en sus esfuerzos por obtener acceso real a servicios públicos y beneficios sociales. Sin embargo, se sabe menos sobre cómo la experiencia de cargas administrativas afecta emocionalmente a las personas. Se presenta el análisis de datos originales de una encuesta mexicana sobre si 1) el tiempo gastado en tareas administrativas o 2) la situación de vulnerabilidad de personas explica la variación en emociones positivas o negativas sobre hacer tareas administrativas. Solamente se encuentra una relación estadísticamente significativa para ciertos indicadores de vulnerabilidad. Se propone como posible explicación qué experiencias burocráticas negativas en el contexto mexicano confirman bajas expectativas previas hacia las burocracias y, por lo tanto, ya no tengan un impacto en la satisfacción emocional de los ciudadanos. Los hallazgos sugieren una actitud aprendida de reiteradas insatisfacciones de ciudadanos en sus interacciones con el Estado.

Keywords (ES): cargas administrativas, satisfacción, encuentros burocráticos, Servicios Públicos, México

Abstract (pt_BR)

O estudo dos encargos administrativos identificou os custos que os cidadãos podem enfrentar nos seus esforços para obter um acesso real aos serviços públicos e aos benefícios sociais. No entanto, sabe-se menos sobre como a experiência de encargos administrativos afeta emocionalmente as pessoas. Apresentamos a análise de dados originais de uma pesquisa mexicana sobre se 1) o tempo gasto em tarefas administrativas ou 2) a situação de vulnerabilidade das pessoas explica a variação de emoções positivas ou negativas sobre a realização de tarefas administrativas. Apenas uma relação estatisticamente significativa é encontrada para certos indicadores de vulnerabilidade. Propõe-se como possível explicação que as experiências burocráticas negativas no contexto mexicano confirmam as baixas expectativas anteriores em relação às burocracias e, portanto, não têm mais impacto na satisfação emocional dos cidadãos. Os resultados sugerem uma atitude aprendida com as repetidas insatisfações dos cidadãos em suas interações com o Estado.

Keywords (PT): encargos administrativos, satisfação, encontros burocráticos, serviços públicos, México

María José Álvarez Romero, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics

Political Scientist with a Master’s in Public Administration and Policy from the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), specializing in public and national security. Her experience combines research and practice in data analysis, public policy, and digital innovation. She has collaborated with governments, corporations, and international organizations, such as USAID and the FNDH (National Foundation for Human Rights), on projects involving governance, risk assessment, and artificial intelligence applied to security. Currently, she drives initiatives in Mexico that integrate technology and regulation to strengthen state capacities and crime prevention.

Ana Ireri Aranda Torres, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics

She holds a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and a Master’s in Public Administration and Policy from the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE). Her academic career links the understanding of human behavior with the study and evaluation of public policy.

Brenda Itzel Pablo Hernández, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics

She studied for a Master's in Public Administration and Policy at the Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE). Currently, she works as the head of public policy analysis at the Public Policy Unit of the National Anti-Corruption System. Her main areas of interest focus on policy analysis from a gender perspective, the incorporation of an intersectional approach in public policy formulation, and the relationship between institutionalism, power, and inequality.

Sandra Elvira Reyes Hernández, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics

She holds a master's degree in public administration and policy from the Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE), with training in mixed research methods. Her work focuses on analyzing and designing proposals to optimize administrative processes in the public sector, particularly in the Federal Criminal Justice Centers. She has collaborated on government programs for Mexico City’s municipalities, aimed at strengthening the relationship between local public institutions and citizens through empirical evidence for policy design and evaluation.

Rik Peeters, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics

He is a Senior Professor and Researcher in Public Administration at the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE) in Mexico City. He holds a PhD in Public Administration (2013) from Tilburg University, Netherlands. His research lines include administrative burdens, street-level bureaucracies, and digital government. More specifically, his interest lies in studying the distributive effects of problems in citizens' effective access to public services within contexts of social inequality and weak State institutions.

César Rentería Marín, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics

Dr. César Rentería is a professor-researcher at the Public Administration Division of the Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE), where he researches information technologies in organizations, information capabilities, artificial intelligence, and public innovation. He holds a Ph.D. in administration and public policies from the State University of New York.

References

Aguinis, H., Gottfredson, R. K., & Joo, H. (2013). Best-Practice Recommendations for Defining, Identifying, and Handling Outliers. Organizational Research Methods, 16(2), 270-301. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428112470848

Ali, S. A. M., & Altaf, S. W. (2021). Citizen trust, administrative capacity and administrative burden in Pakistan’s immunization program. Journal of Behavioral Public Administration, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.30636/jbpa.41.184

Baekgaard, M., & Madsen, J. K. (2024). Anticipated administrative burdens: How proximity to upcoming compulsory meetings affect welfare recipients' experiences of administrative burden. Public Administration, 102(2), 425-443. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12928

Baekgaard, M., Martin, L., & Petersen, N.B. (2025). Experiences of administrative burden in context: Exploring differences across countries, policy domains, and socio-demography. Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.70019

Baekgaard, M., & Serritzlew, S. (2016). Interpreting performance information: Motivated reasoning or unbiased comprehension. Public Administration Review, 76(1), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12406

Barnes, C. Y. (2021). ‘It takes a while to get used to’: The costs of redeeming public benefits. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 31(2), 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa042

Bell, E., Ter-Mkrtchyan, A., Wehde, W., & Smith, K. (2021). Just or Unjust? How Ideological Beliefs Shape Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Perceptions of Administrative Burden. Public Administration Review, 81(4), 610-624. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13311

Bell, E., Wright, J. E., & Oh, J. (2024). Does Administrative Burden Create Racialized Policy Feedback? How Losing Access to Public Benefits Impacts Beliefs About Government. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 34(3), 432-447. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muae004

Bhuiyan, S. A., & Baniamin, H. M. (2023). Who puts the thorn in the citizen’s flesh? Sources underlying administrative burden in a developing country. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 45(4), 345-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/23276665.2023.2183873

Bozeman, B. (1993). A theory of government “red tape”. Journal of public administration research and theory, 3(3), 273-304. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037171

Brinks, D. M., Levitsky, S., & Murillo, M. V. (Eds.). (2020). The politics of institutional weakness in Latin America. Cambridge University Press.

Brodkin, E. Z., & Majmundar, M. (2010). Administrative exclusion: Organizations and the hidden costs of welfare claiming. Journal of public administration research and theory, 20(4), 827-848. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mup046

Burden, B. C., Canon, D. T., Mayer, K. R., & Moynihan, D. P. (2012). The effect of administrative burden on bureaucratic perception of policies: Evidence from election administration. Public Administration Review, 72(5), 741-751. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02600.x

Carrigan, C., Pandey, S. K., & Van Ryzin, G. G. (2020). Pursuing Consilience: Using Behavioral Public Administration to Connect Research on Bureaucratic Red Tape, Administrative Burden, and Regulation. Public Administration Review, 80, 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13143

Christensen, J., Aarøe, L., Baekgaard, M., Herd, P., & Moynihan, D. P. (2020). Human capital and administrative burden: The role of cognitive resources in citizen‐state interactions. Public Administration Review, 80(1), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13134

Chudnovsky, M., & Peeters, R. (2021). The unequal distribution of administrative burden: A framework and an illustrative case study for understanding variation in people's experience of burdens. Social Policy & Administration, 55(4), 527-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12639

Chudnovsky, M., & Peeters, R. (2022). A cascade of exclusion: Administrative burdens and access to citizenship in the case of Argentina’s National Identity Document. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 88(4), 1068-1085. https://doi.org/10.1177/002085232098454

Eiró, F., & Lotta, G. (2024). On the frontline of global inequalities: A decolonial approach to the study of street-level bureaucracies. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 34(1), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muad019

Halling, A., & Baekgaard, M. (2024). Administrative burden in citizen–state interactions: A systematic literature review. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 34(2), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muad023

Heinrich, C. J. (2016). The Bite of Administrative Burden: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 26(3), 403-420. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muv034

Heinrich, C. J. (2018). Presidential Address: ‘A Thousand Petty Fortresses’: Administrative Burden in U.S. Immigration Policies and its Consequences. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 37(2), 211-239. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22046

Herd, P., & Moynihan, D. P. (2018). Administrative Burden: Policymaking by Other Means. Russell Sage Foundation.

James, O. (2009). Evaluating the Expectations Disconfirmation and Expectations Anchoring Approaches to Citizen Satisfaction with Local Public Services. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 19(1), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum034

Ključnikov, A., & Sobeková Majková, M. (2016). Impact of Gender in the Perception of Administrative Burdens among Young Entrepreneurs - Evidence from Slovakia. Journal of Competitiveness, 8(2), 17-30.

Kumlin, S. (2004). The personal and the political: How personal welfare state experiences affect political trust and ideology. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403980274_1

Kyle, M. A., & Frakt, A. B. (2021). Patient administrative burden in the US health care system. Health Services Research, 56(5), 755-765. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13861

Luhmann, M., & Intelisano, S. (2018). Hedonic adaptation and the set point for subjective well-being. En E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.), Handbook of well-being (pp. 1-27). DEF Publishers.

Martin, L., Delaney, L., & Doyle, O. (2023). Everyday Administrative Burdens and Inequality. Public Administration Review, 84(4), 660-673. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13709

Masood, A., & Nisar, M. A. (2020). Crushed between two stones: Competing institutional logics in the implementation of maternity leave policies in Pakistan. Gender, Work & Organization, 27, 1103-1126. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12448

Masood, A., & Nisar, M. A. (2021). Administrative capital and citizens’ responses to administrative burden. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 31(1), 56-72. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa031

Morgeson, F. V. (2013). Expectations, Disconfirmation, and Citizen Satisfaction with the US Federal Government: Testing and Expanding the Model. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23(2), 289-305. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus012

Moynihan, D., Gerzina, J., & Herd, P. (2022). Kafka’s Bureaucracy: Immigration Administrative Burdens in the Trump Era. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 5(1), 22-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvab025

Moynihan, D., & Herd, P. (2020). Cargas administrativas: Los cotos que el Estado impone a los ciudadanos. En R. Peeters & F. Nieto Morales (eds.), La máquina de la desigualdad: Una exploración de los costos y las causas de las burocracias de baja confianza (pp. 31-53). CIDE; El Colegio de México.

Moynihan, D., Herd, P., & Harvey, H. (2015). Administrative burden: Learning, psychological, and compliance costs in citizen-state interactions. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25(1), 43-69. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muu009

Moynihan, D. P., Herd, P., & Rigby, E. (2016). Policymaking by Other Means: Do States Use Administrative Barriers to Limit Access to Medicaid. Administration & Society, 48(4), 497-524. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713503540

Moynihan, D. P., & Soss, J. (2014). Policy feedback and the politics of administration. Public administration review, 74(3), 320-332. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12200

Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2013). Scarcity: Why having too little means so much. Henry Holt.

Nisar, M. A. (2018). Children of a lesser god: Administrative burden and social equity in citizen–state interactions. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 28(1), 104-119. doi:10.1093/jopart/mux025

Peake, G., & Forsyth, M. (2022). Street‐level bureaucrats in a relational state: The case of Bougainville. Public Administration and Development, 42(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1911

Peeters, R. (2020). The Political Economy of Administrative Burdens: A Theoretical Framework for Analyzing the Organizational Origins of Administrative Burdens. Administration & Society, 52(4), 566-592. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399719854367

Peeters, R., & Campos, S. A. (2021). Taking the bite out of administrative burdens: How beneficiaries of a Mexican social program ease administrative burdens in street‐level interactions. Governance, 34(4), 1001-1018. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12534

Peeters, R., & Nieto Morales, F. (2020). La máquina de la desigualdad: Una exploración de los costos y las causas de las burocracias de baja confianza. CIDE; Colegio de México.

Peeters, R., Rentería, C., & Cejudo, G. M. (2023). How information capacity shapes policy implementation: A comparison of administrative burdens in COVID-19 vaccination programs in the United States, Mexico, and the Netherlands. Government Information Quarterly, 40(4), 101871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2023.101871

Perelmiter, L. (2022). “Fairness” in an unequal society: Welfare workers, labor inspectors and the embedded moralities of street‐level bureaucracy in Argentina. Public Administration and Development, 42(1), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1954

Poister, T. H., & Thomas, J. C. (2011). The effect of expectations and expectancy confirmation/disconfirmation on motorists’ satisfaction with state highways. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21(4), 601-617. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mur004

Ray, V., Herd, P., & Moynihan, D. (2023). Racialized Burdens: Applying Racialized Organization Theory to the Administrative State, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 33(1), 139-152. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muac001

Robben, L. L., Peeters, R., & Widlak, A. (2024). Burdens on the gateway to the state: Administrative burdens in the registration of people experiencing homelessness in Belgium and the Netherlands. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 43(3), 780-803. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22598

Robles, M., Rubio, M., & Stampini, M. (2015). ¿Las transferencias monetarias han sido capaces de llegar a los pobres en América Latina y el Caribe? Resumen de Políticas del BID, no. 246. BID.

Soss, J., & Schram, S. F. (2007). A public transformed? Welfare reform as policy feedback. American political science review, 101(1), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070049

Suls, J., & Wheeler, L. (2012). Social comparison theory. En P. A. M. van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins, Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology (vol. 1, pp. 460-482). Sage.

Van Ryzin, G. G. (2007). Pieces of a puzzle: Linking government performance, citizen satisfaction, and trust. Public Performance & Management Review, 30(4), 521-535. https://doi.org/10.2753/PMR1530-9576300403

Yates, S., Carey, G., Malbon, E., & Hargrave, J. (2022). ‘Faceless Monster, Secret Society’: Women’s Experiences Navigating the Administrative Burden of Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30, e2308–e2317.

Dimensions

PlumX

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Álvarez Romero, M. J., Aranda Torres, A. I., Pablo Hernández, B. I., Reyes Hernández, S. E., Peeters, R., & Rentería Marín, C. (2026). The subjective experience of administrative burdens: Does it affect us emotionally to spend time accessing services?. Revista Del CLAD Reforma Y Democracia, 94, 4-30. https://doi.org/10.69733/clad.ryd.n94.a435