Efectos de la normativa sobre igualdad de género en la presencia femenina en entidades híbridas españolas
Effects of Gender Equality Regulations in the Presence ofWomen in Spanish Hybrid Entities
Resumo (pt_BR)
El talento no es, ni debería ser, una cuestión de género. Sin embargo, la escasa representación de las mujeres en los órganos ejecutivos de las organizaciones es un hecho. La normativa española ha legislado para potenciar la igualdad entre sexos en el ámbito laboral, introduciendo el principio de presencia equilibrada de mujeres y hombres en los consejos de administración de las sociedades mercantiles. Este trabajo no adopta la hipótesis de que la integración de la mujer genere mejoras en la gestión o en los resultados de una entidad. El objetivo es analizar en qué medida la difusión de información sobre género refleja la evolución de la presencia femenina en los distintos niveles organizativos de entidades híbridas, como resultado de la normativa emanada de los poderes públicos. Frente a estudios centrados en el sector público o privado, las entidades híbridas cuentan con una dualidad en su configuración: su misión es propia de una entidad pública, prestar un servicio público, que desarrolla mediante la estructura empresarial privada. La muestra se compone de veinticuatro concesionarias de autopistas de peaje españolas durante el periodo 2007-2018, divididas en dos grupos según hayan iniciado su actividad en el siglo XX o solo la hayan desarrollado en el siglo XXI. Los resultados muestran una situación heterogénea en el sector y que la simple sugerencia de cuotas parece no ser efectiva para cumplir los objetivos de igualdad planteados. Si bien la presencia de mujeres en el caso de las concesionarias más recientes ha mejorado, porque el contexto sociocultural en el que nacen afecta su comportamiento en este campo, se percibe la falta de una estrategia clara que les permita participar en condiciones de igualdad en los distintos estamentos de la empresa. También faltan políticas de carrera profesional que contemplen el género como una variable para tener en cuenta. La divulgación de información en los estados financieros sirve para poner de manifiesto la realidad y que los responsables públicos puedan diseñar políticas adecuadas que planteen medidas de refuerzo.
Resumo (en)
Talent is not, nor should it be, a gender issue. However, the underrepresentation of women in the governing bodies of organisations is a fact. Spanish regulations have legislated to promote equality between the sexes in the workplace, introducing the principle of balanced presence of women and men on the boards of directors of trading companies. This paper is not based on the hypothesis that the integration of the women generates improvements in the management or the performance of an entity. The objective is to analyse to which extent does the dissemination of information on gender reflects the evolution of the presence of women at different organizational levels of hybrid entities, as a result of regulations issued by the public authorities. Compared to studies focused on the public or private sectors, hybrid entities have a duality in their configuration: their mission is typical of a public entity, providing a public service, which is developed through a private business structure. The sample consists of twenty-four Spanish toll road concessionaires during the period 2007-2018, divided into two groups according to weather they started their activity in the 20th century or only developed it in the 21st century. The results show a heterogeneous situation within the sector and that the mere suggestion of quotas does not seem effective to meet the equality objectives set. Although the presence of women in the case of the most recent concessionaires has improved, because the sociocultural context in which they are born affects their behaviour in this field, there is a perceived lack of a clear strategy that would allow them to participate on equal terms in the different levels of the company. There is also a lack of career policies that considers gender as a variable to bear in mind. The disclosure of information in the financial statement serves to highlight the reality so that public managers can design suitable policies that include reinforcement measures.
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