¿La globalización, las leyes o los alcaldes? Un modelo de análisis para políticas de internacionalización de los gobiernos locales
Globalization, Laws or Mayors? A Model of Analysis for Local Government Internationalization Policies
Resumen (es)
Frente a la actual globalización, los gobiernos locales han respondido con un creciente proceso de internacionalización. Las explicaciones más comunes a este fenómeno provienen desde las teorías de las Relaciones Internacionales y del Derecho Internacional, y van desde contribuir al desarrollo económico local y mejorar los servicios sociales hasta involucrarse en políticas internacionales. Sin embargo, una explicación alternativa y poco estudiada en la internacionalización de gobiernos locales es el liderazgo de los alcaldes, ya sea basado en el modelo institucional o en sus características personales. De esta forma, a partir del análisis de modelos teóricos de las Relaciones Internacionales, Derecho Internacional y liderazgo de los alcaldes, y con base en revisión teórica, se demuestra que el desarrollo de políticas de internacionalización de gobiernos locales no puede ser analizado en toda su dimensión sin tener en cuenta los estilos de liderazgo de los alcaldes. El principal aporte teórico de este artículo es concebir al liderazgo de los alcaldes como una explicación robusta al desarrollo de políticas de internacionalización por parte de los gobiernos locales, distanciándose de las líneas teóricas tradicionales y poco explicativas del fenómeno: la globalización y el sistema institucional.
Resumen (en)
In the face of current globalization, local governments have responded with an increasing process of internationalization. The most common explanations for this phenomenon come from International Relations and International Law theories and range from contributing to local economic development and improving social services to becoming involved in international policies. However, an alternative and understudied explanation for the internationalization of local governments is the leadership of mayors, either based on the institutional model or on their personal characteristics. Thus, based on the theoretical models of International Relations, International Law, and mayors’ leadership, and based on a theoretical review, it is shown that the development of local government internationalization policies cannot be analyzed in its full dimension without considering the mayor’s leadership styles. The main theoretical contribution of this article is to conceive the mayor’s leadership as a robust explanation for the development of internationalization policies by local governments, distancing itself from the traditional and not very explanatory theoretical lines of the phenomenon: globalization and the institutional system.
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