Desafíos de gobernanza de inteligencia artificial en América Latina. Infraestructura, descolonización y nueva dependencia
Artificial Intelligence Governance Challenges in Latin America. Infrastructure, Decolonization and New Dependency
Resumen (es)
En muchas situaciones, los desafíos de gobernanza en América Latina son más específicos y dependen de crear una perspectiva sobre realidades sociales y políticas muy desiguales, heterogéneas en cuanto a las capacidades estatales, las diferencias en los mercados y las perspectivas sobre los emprendimientos sociotécnicos. La aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en la región ha implicado diferentes desafíos de gobernanza, incluyendo la sostenibilidad, el desarrollo económico, la salud y la educación, entre otros. Su avance la convierte en una herramienta esencial para enfrentar estos retos en los países en desarrollo. Los países latinoamericanos avanzan en la construcción de políticas estratégicas para dominar la inteligencia artificial con el fin de responder a diferentes problemáticas de desarrollo. Sin embargo, la forma en que se construyen estas políticas estratégicas tiene lugar dentro de su marco específico. Por un lado, los países latinoamericanos enfrentan el riesgo de dependencia tecnológica, incluidos los problemas de acceso a datos, infraestructura crítica para el desarrollo de la IA y capacidades técnicas y operativas. Por otro lado, expresan en sus políticas estratégicas elementos de ruptura de una lógica colonial que pueden reforzarse con sistemas sociotécnicos basados en inteligencia artificial. Este artículo trabajará con este marco dual que informa la construcción y aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en América Latina.
Resumen (en)
In many situations, governance challenges in Latin America are more specific and depend on creating a perspective on very unequal social and political realities, heterogeneous in terms of state capacities, differences in markets, and perspectives on socio-technical ventures. The application of artificial intelligence in the region has involved different governance challenges, including sustainability, economic development, health and education, among others. Its progress makes it an essential tool to face these challenges in developing countries. Latin American countries are advancing in the construction of strategic policies to master artificial intelligence in order to respond to different development issues. However, the way in which these strategic policies are built takes place within their framework. On the one hand, Latin American countries face the risk of technological dependence, including problems of access to data, critical infrastructure for AI development, and technical and operational capabilities. On the other hand, they express in their strategic policies elements of rupture of a colonial logic that can be reinforced with socio-technical systems based on artificial intelligence. This article will work with this dual framework that informs the construction and application of artificial intelligence in Latin America.
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