Adoção de IA na Administração Pública: do tecnicismo à vantagem competitiva e à confiança dos cidadãos
Adopción de IA en la Administración Pública: del tecnicismo a ventaja competitiva y confianza ciudadana
Adopción de IA en la Administración Pública: del tecnicismo a ventaja competitiva y confianza ciudadana
Resumen (es)
El estudio de la inteligencia artificial (IA) comenzó en 1950, pero solo en el siglo 21 surgieron equipos específicos para su procesamiento. Inicialmente, la adopción de IA estaba influenciada por factores técnicos, como la complejidad de los algoritmos y la disponibilidad de datos. Sin embargo, el escenario cambió con el lanzamiento de la IA generativa ChatGPT en 2022. Desde entonces, la búsqueda de ventaja competitiva y modernización se ha convertido en el principal motivador para adoptar IA en instituciones públicas y privadas. La rápida popularización de la IA generó un esfuerzo generalizado por destacarse en el mercado. No obstante, el uso creciente de IA ha generado preocupaciones, especialmente en cuanto a la confianza en estas tecnologías, debido a riesgos de rendimiento inesperado que pueden perjudicar la imagen y resultados de las organizaciones. Para las administraciones públicas esto es crítico, ya que las fallas en IA pueden impactar a la sociedad y no son fácilmente corregibles. Este trabajo evalúa los factores que influyen en la adopción de IA en administraciones públicas, desde criterios técnicos iniciales hasta la preocupación por la confianza y regulación de la IA, buscando ofrecer una visión amplia de los desafíos y proponer direcciones para investigación y práctica.
Resumen (pt_BR)
O estudo da inteligência artificial (IA) começou em 1950, mas, só na segunda década do século 21, surgiram equipamentos específicos para seu processamento. Inicialmente, a adoção de soluções de IA era influenciada por fatores técnicos, como a complexidade de algoritmos e a disponibilidade de dados. Contudo, o cenário mudou com o lançamento da IA generativa ChatGPT em 2022. Desde então, a busca por vantagem competitiva e a necessidade de modernização tornaram-se os principais motivadores para a adoção de IA em instituições públicas e privadas. A rápida popularização da IA levou a um esforço generalizado para se destacar no mercado. No entanto, o aumento do uso de IA trouxe preocupações, especialmente quanto à confiança nessas tecnologias, devido aos riscos de desempenho inesperado que podem prejudicar a imagem e os resultados das organizações. Para as administrações públicas, essa questão é crítica, pois falhas em soluções de IA podem impactar a sociedade e não são facilmente corrigíveis. Este trabalho avalia os fatores que influenciam a adoção de IA em administrações públicas, desde critérios técnicos iniciais até a atual preocupação com a confiança e regulamentação da IA, a fim de oferecer uma visão abrangente dos desafios e propor direções futuras para pesquisa e prática.
Resumen (en)
The study of artificial intelligence (AI) began in 1950, but only in the second decade of the 21st century that specific equipment for its processing emerged. Initially, the adoption of AI solutions was influenced by technical factors, such as the complexity of algorithms and the availability of data. However, the scenario changed with the launch of generative AI ChatGPT in 2022. Since then, the pursuit of competitive advantage and the need for modernization have become the main motivators for the adoption of AI in public and private institutions. The rapid popularization of AI has led to a widespread effort to stand out. However, the increased use of AI has raised concerns, especially regarding trust in these technologies, due to the risks of unexpected performance that can harm the image and results of organizations. For public administrations, this issue is critical, as failures in AI solutions can impact the entire society and are not easily correctable. This work evaluates the factors that influence the adoption of AI in public administrations, from initial technical criteria to the current concern with AI trust and regulation, aiming to provide a comprehensive view of the challenges and propose future directions for research and practice.
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