Marco analítico para las capacidades dinámicas en una organización pública
Analytical Framework for Dynamic Capabilities in a Public Organization
Resumen (es)
La humanidad está atravesando un cambio de época y la industria 4.0 es parte de ese nuevo orden. Muchos países de América Latina aún continúan en el proceso de recuperación de la pandemia COVID-19, situación que se ve agravada por conflictos como el de Rusia con Ucrania y los efectos cada vez más graves del cambio climático. Estos escenarios han enfatizado la necesidad de contar con organismos públicos y privados con capacidades estratégicas para hacer frente a los desafíos de un entorno incierto y dinámico. En el campo de las ciencias de la gestión, existen diversas investigaciones que permiten entender por qué la gestión pública no logra un buen desempeño frente a un entorno dinámico, turbulento e incierto. Un marco de análisis es el de las capacidades operativas, que tiene su foco en la evaluación de los recursos internos de la organización (Ongaro & Ferlie, 2020). Sin embargo, existen otros lentes que analizan a las organizaciones en entornos cambiantes e inciertos, como el de las capacidades dinámicas, que cuenta con importante desarrollo académico para organizaciones del sector privado, pero menos para las organizaciones públicas. Este artículo se propone contribuir con un marco analítico, basado en la revisión bibliográfica, para avanzar en las investigaciones empíricas en las organizaciones públicas en América Latina. El propósito es comprender las relaciones entre las capacidades dinámicas, la capacidad de detección, aprovechamiento y reconfiguración, y el desempeño. También, cómo las condiciones exógenas, como son el nivel de publicidad y la turbulencia ambiental, afectan a estas. Esta información es valiosa para los tomadores de decisiones públicos, ya que les permitirá comprender las capacidades que las organizaciones públicas necesitan desarrollar para mejorar su desempeño en un entorno cambiante e incierto.
Resumen (en)
Humanity is going through a change of era and Industry 4.0 is part of that new order. Many Latin American countries are still in the recovery process from the COVID-19 pandemic, a situation that is aggravated by conflicts such as that between Russia and Ukraine and the increasingly serious effects of climate change. These scenarios have emphasized the need for public and private organizations with strategic capabilities to face the challenges of an uncertain and dynamic environment. In the field of Management Sciences, there are several investigations that help to understand why public management fails to perform well in the face of a dynamic, turbulent and uncertain environment. One framework of analysis is that of operational capabilities, which focuses on the analysis of the organization's internal resources (Ongaro & Ferlie, 2020). However, there are other lenses that analyze organizations in changing and uncertain environments, such as dynamic capabilities, which has significant academic development for private sector organizations, but less for public organizations. This article aims to contribute with an analytical framework, based on a literature review, to advance empirical research on public organizations in Latin America. The purpose is to understand the relationships between dynamic capabilities, the ability to detect, exploit and reconfigure, and performance. Also, how exogenous conditions, such as the level of publicity and environmental turbulence, affect them. This information is valuable for public decision makers as it will allow them to understand the capabilities that public organizations need to develop to improve their performance in a changing and uncertain environment.
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