La Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia está dedicada a fomentar el diálogo e intercambio de ideas para avanzar en la comprensión de las relaciones Estado-Sociedad, y a divulgar propuestas y alternativas para orientar las transformaciones necesarias en la Administración Pública. Es una propuesta del sur global para el mundo, y asegura su disponibilidad a través del acceso abierto y la publicación continua. Nuestros artículos son evaluados bajo la modalidad de “doble ciego”, garantizando el anonimato de autoras/es y evaluadoras/es. La revista es una publicación cuatrimestral, en tres idiomas: español, portugués e inglés, y se publica en formato digital.
Centro Latinoamericano de Administración para el Desarrollo - CLAD
Los contenidos de la revista se distribuyen bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-4.0), que permite a los usuarios copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente los contenidos, siempre y cuando se cite la autoría (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0).
Copyright (c) 2025 Maria Victoria Whittingham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Ester Kaufman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Practical Guide for the Formulation of Open Government Initiatives by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and the Presidential Advisory Commission for Integrity and Transparency (2025)
The Practical Guide for the Formulation of Open Government Initiatives, developed by ECLAC and the Presidential Advisory Commission for Public Integrity and Transparency of the Government of Chile, serves as a valuable tool for those promoting open government agendas in Latin America and the Caribbean. The document synthesizes key concepts and presents a formulation model accompanied by a worksheet with eleven sections, guiding users from problem identification to the dissemination of results. Its main strength lies in aligning with the standards of the Open Government Partnership and offering examples and recommendations drawn from past experiences. The review highlights strengths such as clarity, practical usefulness, and the relevance of including institutional strengthening as a core component. However, it also points out limitations: limited conceptual depth, a lack of broader bibliographic references, the absence of examples of both success and failure, and the rigidity of the model in diverse institutional contexts. Additionally, the guide is noted to resemble more a project design manual than a management tool. In conclusion, it is a valuable contribution, but it requires greater conceptual depth and adaptability to become a comprehensive reference for the sustainable implementation of open government.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ernesto Velasco Sánchez, Cristina Galíndez Hernández https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Participation and Collaboration in Public Management: Lessons More Than Ten Years After the Implementation of Open Government Plans in Latin America and the Caribbean (2025, ECLAC)
A recent publication by ECLAC presents a broad, analytical, and thoughtful study of the progress, challenges, and lessons learned in Latin America and the Caribbean regarding the implementation of open government as a governance model. Written by Valeria Torres, Alejandra Naser, and Daniel Barragán, the report takes an exploratory and descriptive approach, drawing on secondary sources to assess regional experiences.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noemí Pulido https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Manual of Public Administration in Argentina: Nation, Provinces, and Municipalities Edited by Juan Manuel Abal Medina and Horacio Cao
The Manual of Public Administration in Argentina: Nation, Provinces, and Municipalities, edited by Juan Manuel Abal Medina and Horacio Cao, is a key reference work for studying statehood through a federal lens. Published by the National University of Córdoba and the National University of Quilmes, it offers a comprehensive and comparative approach to national, provincial, and municipal levels of government. Its structure weaves together historical, constitutional, organizational, budgetary, and political-institutional dimensions, ensuring analytical coherence and methodological rigor. Each chapter, written by experts in government levels and intergovernmental relations, combines theory with updated empirical evidence, providing data on public employment, budgets, and public policies. The foreword by Oscar Oszlack highlights the manual’s contribution to reclaiming public administration as a distinct field of knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2025 Valeria Bizarro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The path toward focused transparency in Ecuador: Analysis of alignment with citizen needs
This article analyzes the evolution of targeted transparency in Ecuador using a comparative empirical approach between requests for access to public information submitted between 2018 and 2022 and the publications made by five ministries under the new regulatory framework of the Ley Orgánica de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública, reformed in 2023. Through a qualitative and quantitative analysis of more than a thousand records, patterns of citizen demand are identified, the requested information is categorized, and a thematic alignment index is constructed to assess the degree of correspondence with institutional publications on targeted transparency on the Portal Nacional de Transparencia (2024–2025). The findings reveal low thematic alignment in most ministries, suggesting persistent challenges in the effective implementation of transparency oriented to social demand. It is concluded that focused transparency requires strengthening its methodological foundations, its connection with empirical evidence, and its coherence with the historically expressed needs for social control.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irma Jara-Iñiguez, Mario Hidalgo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Abrir el Estado: ¿Quién tiene la llave?, O. Oszlak
Copyright (c) 2025 Pablo Bulcourf https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Copyright (c) 2025 Conrado Ramos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Open Government in Brazil: Evolution and Thematic Trends in National Action plans
This article presents the main results of a research project with a general objective of identifying and analyzing the thematic trends and directions of open government commitments in six National Action plans in Brazil, utilizing lexicometric analysis using the software Iramuteq and Excel. The research aims to answer questions about the most recurring themes and keywords, the evolution of plans over time, and whether consistent patterns indicate changes in priority or new approaches in open government policies, thereby contributing to the open government maturity model theory. The results revealed the evolution of the themes throughout the government cycles, evidencing the maturation and adaptation of public policies. The analysis highlighted the centrality of terms such as “data,” “open,” and “public,” reflecting the continuity of key areas including transparency and participation. This study contributes to understanding the evolution of government commitments over time. It provides a basis for future research and suggests a methodology that can be applied in similar contexts and a comparative perspective between countries and regions. As a limitation, we highlight the fact that this is only an analysis of the Brazilian case.
Open government, action plan, transparency, participation, lexicometry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amanda Luri Furini Wada, Gabriela de Brelaz, Luciana Massaro Onusic, Lusi Hernan Contreras Pinochet https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
El número que tenemos el placer y el honor de presentar es la primera Edición Especial de la Revista del CLAD Reforma y Democracia, y en ella recogemos algunas de las voces más significativas del pasado Congreso del CLAD, el XXIX, realizado en Brasilia. El tema que tratamos busca contribuir al debate sobre los retos que enfrentan nuestras democracias e imaginar y construir soluciones adecuadas.
(Re)empowered Democracy: Artificial Intelligence as a catalyst for Open Government in Latin America
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming public administrations in Latin America, generating unprecedented opportunities to improve efficiency, transparency, citizen participation, and accountability. This article explores, through an exploratory and quantitative approach, the interrelationship between AI development and the principles of open government in the region. Using Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis, data from 19 Latin American countries are examined based on indicators such as innovation, integrity, transparency, democracy, and digital governance. The results show a strong relationship between AI development and public innovation, as well as with digital governance and democratic quality, although institutional weaknesses are also evident, limiting its transformative potential. It is concluded that AI can be an ally in strengthening democracy, as long as it is embedded in ethical, robust, and participatory institutional ecosystems that are open to social oversight and committed to fundamental rights, equity, and effective transparency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Guido Moncayo-Vives, José Luis Ros-Medina, José Manuel Mayor Balsas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Handbook of Public Policy in Latin America, L. Secchi & C. N. Cruz-Rubio (eds.) (2025). A Turning Point in the Study and Analysis of Public Policy in Latin America
Copyright (c) 2025 Joan Subirats https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The necessary transformation for an inclusive, democratic, and effective State
When we talk about the necessary transformation of the State, we cannot think in abstract terms. We must consider a State within a global, regional, and specific context. We are facing a triple planetary crisis. We often speak of climate change, but at the United Nations, we talk not only about climate change but about a planetary crisis — perhaps the most serious threat to humanity — as it includes high pollution levels and the number of premature deaths caused by it, as well as biodiversity loss and the disregard for nature. We are also facing consequences such as high migration rates, internal displacement, food insecurity, and we are in a moment when, in addition, elections are taking place in the United States, the outcome of which remains uncertain.
Copyright (c) 2025 Michelle Bachelet https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Artificial intelligence to analyze the GovTech phenomenon: Barriers, facilitators and trends
The GovTech phenomenon involves collaboration between governments, companies, and other actors using digital technologies to solve complex public problems, aiming to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of public services, while fostering citizen participation and generating public value. However, GovTech lacks consolidated academic definitions and is considered a research gap. This article explored gray literature, such as reports and digital publications, through documentary analysis supported by Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools — SciSpace, ChatGPT, and Gemini — to answer: what are the barriers, facilitators, and trends related to GovTech identified with AI support? Data validation was conducted through triangulation among four researchers, increasing the reliability of the results. We identified four main dimensions: GovTech definitions, trends, facilitators, barriers, and challenges. The research developed a framework that consolidates information and highlights key dimensions of the phenomenon, demonstrating possible interrelations. The results provide an expanded understanding and can be applied in various contexts while presenting a new research agenda. Trends indicate increasing digitalization of public services, data-driven decision-making, and the integration of emerging and sustainable technologies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dayse Karenine De Oliveira Carneiro, Nathalia de Melo Santos, Mauro Célio Araújo dos Reis, Darlla Layse Torres de Lima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The resilience of the regulatory state in an age of polycrisis
The world of ‘polycrisis’ poses fundamental questions about the resilience of the regulatory state. This paper introduces the core challenges of the polycrisis era for the regulatory state. Particular attention is paid to debates surrounding resilience and how regulatory regimes may develop capacity for resilience. The paper considers resilience in terms of information processing capacity. It identifies four possible futures for the regulatory state in an age of polycrisis, but notes that such futures depend on assumptions regarding the resourcefulness of regulators and the regulated. It suggests that building resilience into regulatory capacity requires continuous mediation and conversation, rather than relying on fixed blueprints.
Copyright (c) 2025 Martin Lodge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Open Parliament: analysis of institutional practices in the State Assemblies of Northeast Brazil
This study analyzed institutional practices in the adoption of Open Parliament principles and dimensions in the Assemblies of the Northeastern Brazilian states. The research employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, beginning with an nethnographic examination of the websites of nine state parliaments. Then, using exploratory data analysis, they created the Institutional Index of Open Legislative Government in the States (IIGALE-Brazil). It was found that, even with an overall IIGALE-Brazil result considered “satisfactory,” the websites, social networks, and transparency portals of the sample investigated still need to make significant improvements to follow the general precepts, based on the literature, on Open Government. The overall result was strongly marked by the predominance of compliance with the active transparency dimension to the detriment of the other dimensions (participation and collaboration), which were in “fair” compliance. Important aspects related to these two dimensions, above all, still need to be better addressed by the institutions studied for effective interaction in the implementation of the Open Parliament philosophy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anna Caroline Alves de Oliveira Matoso, Thiago Ferreira Dias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From Public Action to Evidence-Based Public Policies: The Case of Quebec’s Pay Equity Act
In the field of public policy formulation and institutional design, the use of scientific evidence has become a fundamental principle to guide informed and effective decision-making. However, despite its widespread acceptance, the integration of evidence into public action—understood as the broader process through which social and state actors construct and legitimize collective problems—faces complex challenges that go beyond the mere availability of reliable data. This article explores the reasons that justify insisting on evidence-based practice, considering the tensions between political objectives and technical criteria, the erosion of social consensus on factual reality, and the methodological implications in the production and application of knowledge. Through this analysis and an emblematic example of public policy, Quebec’s Pay Equity Act, which was embedded in a broader public action and achieved concrete progress in reducing gender discrimination in the labor market, the article offers a critical reflection on how to ensure that evidence contributes legitimately and effectively to institutional change in dynamic and often contradictory socio-political contexts.
public action, public policies, discrimination, methodology, evidence
Copyright (c) 2025 Victor Armony https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From reactive to proactive government: Scope, limitations, and safeguards
The digitalization of public administration has been developing at an increasingly accelerated pace. In particular, it is noteworthy the impact produced by the combination of interoperability between systems and databases with generative artificial intelligence, which among other things, allow governments to deliver increasingly personalized services to citizens, so that public management is gradually moving from a long stage in which it satisfied the needs and demands of citizens in a reactive manner, to one in which technology allows anticipating the demand of users proactively. This paper analyzes the scope of this technological transition in public management, the restrictions of its possible adoption in technologically lagging countries and the safeguards that should be considered from the point of view of cybersecurity, privacy of individual data and possible risks to democratic life.
Copyright (c) 2025 Oscar Oszlak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Public integrity in Spain: a study of municipal websites. The impact of the autonomous community, the size of the municipality, and the mayor's gender
Recent studies indicate a decline in public trust in institutions among Spaniards (Transparencia Internacional, 2024). One of the causes of this issue lies in the perception of a lack of public integrity (Centro de investigaciones sociológicas, 2024). This article examines the information displayed on the web portals of the local councils of five autonomous communities (Cataluña, Comunidad of Madrid, Comunitat Valenciana, islas Baleares and Region of Murcia)and evaluates the degree of compliance with the Infoparticipa Map indicators related to public integrity (12 out of 52). A categorical content analysis was carried out, based on the Infoparticipa indicators, and two ordinary least squares linear regression models were used. According to previous studies (Juaristi y Alonso, 2024; Paricio et al., 2023), greater compliance can be expected in municipalities governed by female mayors with larger populations, since their administrations have more resources with which to achieve it. The same applies to autonomous communities with a longer track record in terms of both their own autonomous legislation on transparency and the implementation of the Infoparticipa methodology.The results demonstrate that the sex of the mayor, the size of the population, and the autonomous communities are all contributors to the achievement of these indicators related to public integrity.
Public Integrity, Infoparticipa Map, Local administration, Transparency, Democractic quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Blanca Nicasio-Varea, Katia Esteve-Mallent, Elena Juaristi-Besalduch https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Ecosistemas Digitales: La Revolución Silenciosa del Estado Abierto
Despite more than a decade of global momentum, the “traditional” Open Government paradigm faces structural bottlenecks that limit its impact on transparency, accountability, citizen participation, and collaboration. This paper analyzes its root causes, ranging from organizational culture to the low impact of public management, through technical fragmentation, regulatory inertia, and fractured governance. In response, we propose a study of the “Digital Ecosystem of Integrability (DIE) model” developed in Argentina, based on the methodology proposed by Naser (2021). Naser's guide articulates, evaluates, and values Digital Governance and Government Interoperability strategies and encourages the demonstration of Open Government and Open Data actions as integrated dimensions of the Open State. Argentina's DIE model is deployed within the framework of the IRAM 17610-1 standard and is based on the principles and technological architecture of the Estonian digital ecosystem. These ecosystems constitute a public infrastructure that enables distributed interoperability, traceability of data exchanges, and the creation of digital trust between institutions and citizens. Through specific cases from several Argentine provinces (Neuquén and Mendoza), we demonstrate how the EDI model can transform public management, strengthen transparency, and restore hope for a truly open, efficient, and trustworthy state.
integrability, interoperability, open government, transparency, secure multi-party computation
Copyright (c) 2025 Gustavo Ernesto Giorgetti, Dante Moreno, Diego Felipe Ugalde https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
How to evaluate open justice? Case of the open justice metric
Open justice is an approach that seeks to make justice systems more transparent and democratized, promoting values ​​such as transparency, citizen participation, and accountability. Over the last decade, the concept of “open justice” has gained relevance as a key model for strengthening the rule of law and fostering public trust in justice institutions and their ecosystem. The recent evolution of justice has been marked by the emergence of new digital technologies, from the internet, platforms for accessing judicial data, and interactive mechanisms. The “Open Justice Metric” (OJM) is a report that analyzes and evaluates the degree of openness in Mexico's justice institutions. However, this metric serves as a basis for adaptation to other countries. The report concludes that, while some progress has been made in transparency, there are significant opportunities for improvement in the areas of participation, collaboration, and accountability. It also highlights that having robust methodologies for measuring open justice is crucial, as it not only enables the diagnosis of the state of open justice but also guides its implementation and strengthens its positive impact on society.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dr. Edgar A. Ruvalcaba-Gómez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The article's argument is that the world has entered a turning point it calls “the era of discontents,” characterized by political volatility and the rise of various forms of populism. While governing has become more challenging in the era of discontents in advanced economies, the same – and even more so – applies to Latin America. In this context, three crises characterize the region: a development crisis, a growth crisis, and a crisis of representation. The three crises are interrelated and did not begin with the new era. However, the turning point reinforces them, deepening their repercussions and giving them new characteristics, which negatively impact the quality of democracy in the region. The article concludes that the disruptions in the political and economic order characteristic of the new era combine dangers, uncertainties, and opportunities for the region. To neutralize the dangers, face the uncertainties, and seize the opportunities, a strategic vision is required to identify the region's main problems and how to address them.
Copyright (c) 2025 Francisco Panizza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Participation and collaborative Governance
Democracy implies participation and gains legitimacy by adding collaborative governance. This enhances trust in all three stages of participation: informing, consulting, and engaging. However, cultures of participation and collaboration matter in the interactions of citizens, politics, and administrations. A special focus is needed for situations of crises. A general focus is needed at the micro, the meso, and the macro level to ensure resilience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Geert Bouckaert https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Bureaucracy and public labor market in Colombia. ¿Convergence or divergence?
The public labor market has lived some changes with opposing trends. On one side, there is a greater presence of selection based on meritocracy; on the other hand, there is increasing flexibility of the labor market, through the hiring of personnel through service provision and management support contracts, as well as the development of the figure of temporary jobs. These trends show the contradiction between the strengthening and weakening of bureaucracy, especially from the year 2000 onwards in the Colombian case. The labor formalization policy, a key proposal by the government of Gustavo Petro, is at the center of this debate, because it drives to a increasing process of bureaucratization in a landscape, where social, economic, technological and political changes are shaping flexible forms of employment relationships, where stable and lifelong work may be doomed to disappear.
Copyright (c) 2025 jairo enrique rodriguez hernandez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Opening Speech – CLAD Congress – November 26, 2024
It is with great satisfaction that I open the 29th Congress of the Latin American Center for Development Administration (CLAD). Created more than 50 years ago, CLAD is a strategic international organization with the mission of promoting the strengthening of institutional capacities in Ibero-American countries and the transformation of our public administrations. This mandate is more relevant today than ever before. In the first decades of this century, two major crises challenged the role of national governments: the 2008 macroeconomic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The response to the former led to changes in fiscal rules in many countries, seeking greater flexibility, especially in a context of strong economic concentration. As for the latter, the State was called upon to coordinate efforts to combat the disease and mitigate its social and economic impacts. But the challenges did not stop there. In the same context, other crises have affected countries—such as the environmental and climate crisis, the rise in inequalities between individuals and nations, and the intensification of geopolitical competition—producing destabilizing global effects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Esther Dweck https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Addressing racism in housing access through public deliberation. A case study
This article addresses a complex issue: racial discrimination in access to housing. It provides a normative and conceptual approach to the right to non-discrimination, focusing on Olot, Girona, where a public policy was designed to combat racism in the housing market. The study combines academic analysis of a growing problem with a knowledge transfer effort, structured through the management of a deliberative process to build this policy. Key findings include racial and cultural barriers limiting access to housing and the benefits and limitations of the deliberative approach to addressing these inequalities. Effective implementation requires commitment from local authorities. The article offers both theoretical and practical contributions, linking this issue to the debate on the deliberative turn in public policy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Quim Brugué, Eduard Carrera-Fossas, Mostafa Shaimi, Daniel Tarragó https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Democracies, Populisms, and the State in Latin America. Some observations for the current debate
The brief observations focus on some key challenges that Latin American states are currently confronting, and on the question of how they can function effectively in their present state and under the pressures of polarizing transformations. There will be four points: First, the current state of democracies will be discussed, which is basically characterized by processes of democratic erosion or recession. Second, the challenges posed by the various populist movements, politics, and regimes will be addressed, which have proliferated and changed, making them more radical, aggressive, and detrimental to democratic politics. The third section will be dedicated to the problems of the functioning of the states in Latin America, their aspirations, shortcomings, and deviations, and the transformations the model of the weak ‘strong developmental state’ has gone through during the last half-century. In the final fourth point, some recommendations for political action and for further clarification and research will be debated (‘what could be done’).
Copyright (c) 2025 Hans-Jürgen Puhle https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Good Public Administration Right. Meaning and Development in Ibero-America and Colombia
In 2000, the European Union issued the Charter of Fundamental Rights and established the “Right to good administration”. For its part, in 2013 the Latin American Center for Development Administration (CLAD) promulgated the Ibero-American Charter of Rights and Duties of the Citizen where this right was also enshrined. Subsequently, there has been a great theoretical development on the meaning and scope of this principle or right, especially among administrative law scholars. This paper´s aim is to establish the meaning and scope of the Fundamental Right to Good Public Administration (DFBAP), as well as its development in some Ibero-American countries and its application in Colombia. A qualitative method is used with a descriptive and exploratory type of study, using documentary analysis techniques and direct observation. Three cases of administrative procedures were studied to verify compliance with the DFBAP. It is concluded that the DFBAP is not a new right but a set of principles and guarantees already enshrined in declarations of rights and in most constitutions; however, by being presented as a single framework it has acquired greater impact than each of the rights separately, so it has gone from being a doctrinal and legal concern to having jurisprudential development and application in the resolution of judicial controversies.
Copyright (c) 2025 William Guillermo Jiménez, Pedro Nel Páez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
User Perceptions of Public Health Service Quality in Brazil’s Family Health Strategy: A Case Study in Guará, Distrito Federal
The Family Health Strategy (ESF) constitutes the backbone of Brazil's public health system, aiming to provide equitable and comprehensive care. However, discrepancies between users' expectations and their actual experiences with services highlight challenges in achieving quality standards. This study evaluates users’ perceptions of service quality in the ESF of Guará, Federal District, Brazil, using the SERVQUAL model to measure gaps in five critical dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Data were collected from 106 users in five Basic Health Units and contextualized through comparative analysis with ESF studies conducted in Minas Gerais, Paraíba, and Rio Grande do Sul. The results highlight significant gaps between the expectations and perceptions of ESF users in Guará, particularly in empathy and reliability. The discrepancies identified across all evaluated dimensions reinforce the need for targeted interventions to improve infrastructure, professional training, and the humanization of care. Regional comparisons emphasize the need for local adaptations and innovative collaboration to align practices with expectations and reform health care. Guided by Osborne’s customer-centered model, Mazzucato’s mission-oriented innovation model, and the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the research promotes collaborative and equity-focused strategies to reimagine the primary health care system in Brazil.
Copyright (c) 2025 AILTON BISPO DOS SANTOS JUNIOR, Izabella de Sousa Ribeiro, Fernando Pucci https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Neo-Weberianism as a model for Public Administration reform in Brazil? Possible empirical explorations and applications
The article explores the concept of the Neoweberian State (NWS) as an alternative to New Public Management (NPM), which emerged in Europe since the 2000s in response to the inability of NPM to address complex crises such as the 2008 financial crash and the COVID-19 pandemic. NWS combines traditional Weberian principles, such as the state’s legitimacy to coordinate markets, with modernizing elements of NPM and New Public Governance (NPG), such as transparency and performance-oriented management. While the concept has been consolidated in other contexts, its adoption in Latin America, particularly in Brazil, is still in its early stages. A systematic literature review was conducted using platforms such as Research Rabbit and Google Scholar, selecting 24 articles about NWS and its application in the region. The approaches were analyzed based on the depth of treatment of the concept. The study concludes that NWS is promising for Public Administration reform in Brazil, but its implementation requires adaptation to local specifics and strengthening state capacities. The article suggests the need for more empirical research to explore the applicability of NWS in Latin America, particularly in Brazil, where the concept is still at an early stage of development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Luciana Papi, Pablo Ziolkowski Padilha, Gislaine Thompson dos Santos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0